Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a method of sequencing the entire genome of an organism, including all of its genes and other DNA elements. Whole exome sequencing (WES), on the other hand, is a method of sequencing just the exome, which is the portion of the genome that consists of the protein-coding regions of genes. The exome represents only a small fraction of the genome, but it includes most of the genetic variation that is associated with disease.

One key difference between WGS and WES is the amount of information that is generated. WGS generates a much larger amount of data, as it sequences the entire genome, whereas WES generates a smaller amount of data, as it only sequences the exome. This means that WGS is generally more expensive and time-consuming than WES.

Another difference between WGS and WES is the types of genetic variation that they can detect. WGS can detect all types of genetic variation, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertions and deletions, and larger structural variations. WES, on the other hand, can only detect SNPs and small insertions and deletions within the exome.

Both WGS and WES are useful tools in genetic research and medicine. WGS can be used to study the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, and to identify genetic variation that is associated with disease risk. WES is often used in the clinical setting to identify genetic causes of rare inherited diseases or to identify genetic risk factors for common diseases.